Researchers have developed an adapted version of the MoCA test, which is accurate and reliable and avoids the need for people to listen and respond to questions. People with hearing loss, which commonly occurs alongside dementia, score worse in the MoCA test, which could lead to a false diagnosis of dementia. Other studies have tested the MoCA on patients with Alzheimer's disease. Subsequent studies in other settings were less promising, though generally superior to the MMSE. Īccording to the validation study, the sensitivity and specificity of the MoCA for detecting MCI were 90% and 87% respectively, compared with 18% and 100% respectively for the MMSE. Several cut-off scores have been suggested across different languages to compensate for the education level of the population, and several modifications were also necessary to accommodate certain linguistic and cultural differences across different languages or countries however, not all versions have been validated.Įfficacy MoCA test study Ī MoCA test validation study by Nasreddine in 2005 showed that the MoCA was a promising tool for detecting MCI and early Alzheimer's disease compared with the well-known Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Multiple cultural and linguistic variables may affect the norms of the MoCA across different countries and languages, e.g. Finally, orientation to time and place is evaluated by asking the subject for the date and the city in which the test is occurring (6 points).īecause MoCA is English-specific, linguistic and cultural translations are made in order to adapt the test in other countries. Abstract reasoning is assessed using a describe-the-similarity task with 2 points being available.Language is assessed using a three-item confrontation naming task with low-familiarity animals ( lion, camel, rhinoceros 3 points), repetition of two syntactically complex sentences (2 points), and the aforementioned fluency task.Attention, concentration, and working memory are evaluated using a sustained attention task (target detection using tapping 1 point), a serial subtraction task (3 points), and digits forward and backward (1 point each).Multiple aspects of executive function are assessed using an alternation task adapted from the trail-making B task (1 point), a phonemic fluency task (1 point), and a two-item verbal abstraction task (2 points).
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